{"id":3386,"date":"2020-03-30T14:06:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T12:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/?p=3386"},"modified":"2020-03-30T14:16:03","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T12:16:03","slug":"rozhovor-s-nasou-epidemiologickou-o-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/rozhovor-s-nasou-epidemiologickou-o-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozhovor s na\u0161ou epidemiologi\u010dkou o COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Infekcia koronav\u00edrusom\nsa zis\u0165uje v\u00fdterom z nosa a dutiny \u00fastnej, kedy sa dokazuje priamo\nv\u00edrus vo vzorke<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najsilnej\u0161ou t\u00e9mou vo\nv\u0161etk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch je jednozna\u010dne koronav\u00edrus. \u010co to v\u00f4bec je, ako sa pren\u00e1\u0161a,\nvy\u0161etruje, ako sa proti nemu br\u00e1ni\u0165 a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa jeho hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky,\nv rozhovore vysvet\u013euje ved\u00faca lek\u00e1rka pracoviska klinickej mikrobiol\u00f3gie,\nnemocni\u010dn\u00e1 epidemiologi\u010dka Nemocnice s poliklinikou v Brezne Zuzana\nK\u00f3nyov\u00e1. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cel\u00fd svet \u017eije t\u00e9mou\nCOVID-19. M\u00f4\u017eem v\u00e1s poprosi\u0165 na zopakovanie, \u010do je to koronav\u00edrus a ako sa\npren\u00e1\u0161a?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Koronav\u00edrusy\nsp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa preva\u017ene infekcie horn\u00fdch ciest d\u00fdchac\u00edch. S\u00fa druhou naj\u010dastej\u0161ou\npr\u00ed\u010dinou n\u00e1dchy, v popul\u00e1cii s\u00fa be\u017ene roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9. Infekcie doln\u00fdch ciest\nd\u00fdchac\u00edch vyvol\u00e1va skupina betakoronav\u00edrusov, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zvierac\u00ed p\u00f4vod. V minulosti\nsp\u00f4sobili lok\u00e1lne epid\u00e9mie SARS (v \u010c\u00edne) a MERS (v Saudskej Ar\u00e1bii). Nov\u00fd\nkoronav\u00edrus, ktor\u00fd bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t izolovan\u00fd v roku 2019 v \u010c\u00edne,\nv meste Wuchan, je bl\u00edzky pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd v\u00edrusu SARS, a preto bol aj\npomenovan\u00fd SARS-CoV-2. Ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1va, dostalo n\u00e1zov COVID-19. M\u00f4\u017ee\nprebieha\u0165 \u00faplne bezpr\u00edznakovo, alebo sa prejav\u00ed n\u00e1dchou, ka\u0161\u013eom, hor\u00fa\u010dkou,\n\u00fanavou, boles\u0165ami cel\u00e9ho tela a v t\u00fdch naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm\nv\u00edrusov\u00fdm obojstrann\u00fdm z\u00e1palom p\u013e\u00fac. Koronav\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2 sa pren\u00e1\u0161a\naeros\u00f3lom a kvap\u00f4\u010dkovou infekciou (napr. pri ka\u0161\u013ean\u00ed, k\u00fdchnut\u00ed)\na kontaktom (napr. z kontaminovan\u00fdch predmetov, podan\u00edm r\u00fak) pri\nnedodr\u017ean\u00ed hygieny r\u00fak. V\u00edrus pre\u017e\u00edva v prostred\u00ed nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn a\u017e dn\u00ed,\nv z\u00e1vislosti od typu povrchu a vonkaj\u0161\u00edch podmienok. Vstupnou br\u00e1nou\nje sliznica d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, dutina \u00fastna a o\u010dn\u00e9 spojovky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inkuba\u010dn\u00e1\ndoba po vypuknutie klinick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov infekcie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest je 2 a\u017e 14\ndn\u00ed, priemerne 5 \u2013 6 dn\u00ed od infekcie. V pr\u00edpade kontaktu je potrebn\u00e9\nkarant\u00e9nne opatrenia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 cel\u00fdch 14 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Pr\u00edstroj na kultiva\u010dn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie hemokult\u00far<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00fdm vy\u0161etren\u00edm sa\nkoronav\u00edrus zis\u0165uje? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Infekcia\nkoronav\u00edrusom sa zis\u0165uje v\u00fdterom z nosa a dutiny \u00fastnej, kedy sa\ndokazuje priamo v\u00edrus vo vzorke. Ide o vy\u0161etrenie d\u00f4kazu nukleovej\nkyseliny (PCR). V neskor\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1zach ochorenia a tie\u017e po prekonan\u00ed\ninfekcie je mo\u017en\u00fd d\u00f4kaz z krvi, kedy sa zis\u0165uje pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 protil\u00e1tok.\nVy\u0161etrenie sa m\u00e1 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 len na odpor\u00fa\u010danie epidemiol\u00f3ga, nie je d\u00f4vod na\nplo\u0161n\u00e9 vy\u0161etrovanie, preto\u017ee ak je negat\u00edvne, e\u0161te to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlovek nie\nje infikovan\u00fd. \u010castokr\u00e1t s\u00fa v\u00fdsledky pozit\u00edvne a\u017e na konci inkuba\u010dnej doby, t.\nj. na 14 de\u0148. Preto je tak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017ea\u0165 karant\u00e9nu v celej d\u013a\u017eke 14\ndn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co nasleduje po odobrat\u00ed vzorky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Vzorka\nsa transportuje do laborat\u00f3ri\u00ed v Banskej Bystrici, v Brezne sa\nvy\u0161etrenie met\u00f3dou PCR nevykon\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy\u0161etrenie teda nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0Brezne realizova\u0165? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\nBrezne na to nem\u00e1me potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybavenie. Pl\u00e1nujeme v na\u0161om\nlaborat\u00f3riu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 stanovenie protil\u00e1tok z krvi. Tie\u017e existuje mo\u017enos\u0165\nu n\u00e1s vykon\u00e1va\u0165 vy\u0161etrenie antig\u00e9nu vo v\u00fdtere z nosa za pou\u017eitia tzv.\nr\u00fdchlotestov, av\u0161ak tie maj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu citlivos\u0165 v porovnan\u00ed s PCR, \u010di\u017ee\nm\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017ei\u0165 len za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed a musia by\u0165 prekonzultovan\u00e9\ns lek\u00e1rom klinick\u00fdm mikrobiol\u00f3gom. Moment\u00e1lne sa na na\u0161om trhu e\u0161te nedaj\u00fa\nk\u00fapi\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
do\u010dasn\u00e9 pracovisko mikrobiol\u00f3gie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kde v\u0161ade na Slovensku\nsa koronav\u00edrus vy\u0161etruje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

–\nSitu\u00e1cia sa st\u00e1le men\u00ed, moment\u00e1lne vy\u0161etrenie vykon\u00e1va Bratislava, Ko\u0161ice\na Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica. V pl\u00e1ne je vy\u0161etrovanie roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 aj na s\u00fakromn\u00e9\nlaborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 s potrebn\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm tak, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 vy\u0161etrova\u0165 viac vzoriek\ndenne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako s\u00fa zamestnanci\nv laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch chr\u00e1nen\u00ed pri   sk\u00faman\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Spracovanie\nmateri\u00e1lu sa vykon\u00e1va v \u0161peci\u00e1lnych bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch lamin\u00e1rnych boxoch,\n\u00farove\u0148 ochrany 2, za pou\u017eitia \u0161tandardn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Pracovn\u00ed\u010dky mikrobiol\u00f3gie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Na za\u010diatku pand\u00e9mie\nCOVID-19 porovn\u00e1vali s chr\u00edpkou.<\/strong>\nM\u00f4\u017eete vysvetli\u0165 rozdiel medzi t\u00fdmito\ndvoma v\u00edrusmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Sp\u00f4sob\n\u0161\u00edrenia je rovnak\u00fd, probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee na koronav\u00edrus je vn\u00edmav\u00e1 cel\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia,\nnielen jej \u010das\u0165, ako je to pri chr\u00edpke. Ak by neboli zaveden\u00e9 pr\u00edsne opatrenia,\ndo\u0161lo by k vypuknutiu choroby naraz u ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva \u013eud\u00ed a n\u00e1\u0161\nzdravotn\u00edcky syst\u00e9m v takomto pr\u00edpade nedok\u00e1\u017ee zabezpe\u010di\u0165 adekv\u00e1tnu\nzdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 pre tak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pacientov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea\nv\u00e1\u0161ho n\u00e1zoru, ako sa br\u00e1ni\u0165 proti tomuto v\u00edrusu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Je\npotrebn\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval r\u00fa\u0161ko. Ak ho pou\u017e\u00edvame v\u0161etci a je medzi nami\nnakazen\u00fd \u010dlovek, ale m\u00e1 r\u00fa\u0161ko, nebude v\u00edrus \u0161\u00edri\u0165 \u010falej. Nesmieme zab\u00fada\u0165, \u017ee\nnakazen\u00fd \u010dlovek nemus\u00ed ma\u0165 \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky ochorenia d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest. Tie\u017e\ntreba minimalizova\u0165 soci\u00e1lne kontakty a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 najrizikovej\u0161iu \u010das\u0165\npopul\u00e1cie, \u010di\u017ee star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010co by ste na z\u00e1ver\nodk\u00e1zali \u010ditate\u013eom?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Je\nd\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby pacienti, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa podozriv\u00ed na infekciu koronav\u00edrusom, nechodili\ndo nemocnice osobne, mohlo by d\u00f4js\u0165 k ohrozeniu zdravotn\u00edckeho person\u00e1lu.\nRovnako pacienti nesm\u00fa zataji\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, preto\u017ee pri o\u0161etren\u00ed napr.\nz\u00e1chran\u00e1rmi \u010di lek\u00e1rom urgentn\u00e9ho pr\u00edjmu, bez pou\u017eitia potrebn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch\nochrann\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok, ich vystavia riziku infekcie. Zdravotn\u00edcki pracovn\u00edci musia\nn\u00e1sledne \u00eds\u0165 do karant\u00e9ny, aby neohrozili in\u00fdch pacientov. To sa u\u017e na\nSlovensku deje a pre nemocnice a z\u00e1chrann\u00fa zdravotn\u00fa slu\u017ebu je u\u017e\ndnes ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 potrebn\u00fa zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 v potrebnom\nrozsahu pre nedostatok kvalifikovan\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu \u017eiadame\npacientov, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa prejavy ak\u00fatnej infekcie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest (teplota,\nn\u00e1dcha, ka\u0161e\u013e, s\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 d\u00fdchanie a pod.) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 boli\nv posledn\u00fdch 14 d\u0148och v oblasti s v\u00fdskytom koronav\u00edrusu\nsp\u00f4sobuj\u00faci COVID-19, boli v posledn\u00fdch 14 d\u0148och v kontakte s osobou,\nktor\u00e1 bola v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, alebo jej bola nariaden\u00e1 karant\u00e9na z d\u00f4vodu\nkontaktu s COVID-19, boli v kontakte s osobou, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1\npotvrden\u00fd koronav\u00edrus sp\u00f4sobuj\u00faci COVID-19, aby nechodili do nemocnice osobne.\nJe potrebn\u00e9 telefonicky kontaktova\u0165 svojho o\u0161etruj\u00faceho lek\u00e1ra alebo\nepidemiol\u00f3ga R\u00daVZ v Banskej Bystrici, na \u010d\u00edsle 0918 \u2013 659 580.\nV pr\u00edpade, ak pacient vy\u017eaduje povinn\u00fa dom\u00e1cu 14-d\u0148ov\u00fa karant\u00e9nu, je\npotrebn\u00e9, aby telefonicky alebo e-mailom kontaktoval v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra pre\ndospel\u00fdch\/pediatra oh\u013eadom vystavenia PN-ky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MONIKA\nDOL\u0147ANOV\u00c1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Infekcia koronav\u00edrusom sa zis\u0165uje v\u00fdterom z nosa a dutiny \u00fastnej, kedy sa dokazuje priamo v\u00edrus vo vzorke Najsilnej\u0161ou t\u00e9mou vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch je jednozna\u010dne koronav\u00edrus. \u010co to v\u00f4bec je, ako sa pren\u00e1\u0161a, vy\u0161etruje, ako sa proti nemu br\u00e1ni\u0165 a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa jeho hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, v rozhovore vysvet\u013euje ved\u00faca lek\u00e1rka pracoviska klinickej mikrobiol\u00f3gie, nemocni\u010dn\u00e1 epidemiologi\u010dka Nemocnice s poliklinikou v Brezne Zuzana K\u00f3nyov\u00e1. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3386"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3390,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3386\/revisions\/3390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nspbr.sk\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}